Forensic Science And Its Application

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 WHAT IS FORENSIC SCIENCE?

The word Forensic is derived from 'forensis' meaning public or to the fourm representing court judiciary and Science dealing with nature and natural phenomenon. Forensic Science is the use of scientific method to solve crimes and collect evidences for legal procedures and be a prime part of judiciary to represent it before the court. It is the application of science principles and methods to support legal decision in making in matters of crime and civil law. It is a broad field utilising numerous practices such as analysis of DNA, fingerprints, bloodstain patterns, firearms, ballistics, toxicology, microscopy and fire debris analysis. 

It is broad interdisciplinary field that plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system. Beyond simply indentifying criminals, forensic science helps reconstruct crime scenes.

  





KEY SIGNIFICANCE OF FORENSICS

  1. Forensic Pathology - It is a sub-speciality of pathology that investigates non-natural or suspicious death, involves autopsies and determining cause of death.
  2. Forensic Entomology - It is a study of insects and their life-cycles on decomposing bodies to estimate the time of death.
  3. Forensic Odontology - It uses dental records and bite marks to help identify victims or suspects.
  4. Forensic Linguistics - It examines language and writing style to verify authorship or assess threats in anonymous letters.
  5. Forensic Ballistic - It is a study of bullet tracjectories, firearm makings, and impact patterns.
  6. Forensic Toxicology - It analyses biological samples for drugs, poison, alcohol and other chemicals.
  7. Forensic Anthropology - It studies skeletal remains to identify human remains and so on,

Application of Forensics -

It is the broad spectrum of sciences to establish how events/crime/incident occurred and thereby provide impartial evidence that can be further used in judiciary.


It draws contribution from almost all scientific branches like physics, chemistry, biology, forensic engineering, electronics, computer science for recognizing, identifying and evaluating any physical evidences brought for examination. They include:

  1. Crime Scene Investigation
  2. DNA profiling and identification
  3. Solving cold cases
  4. Digital Forensics in Cyber crime
  5. Forensic pathology in determining cause of death
  6. Drug and Alcohol analysis
  7. Accounting in Financial Crime
  8. Evidence in court and legal proceedings
  9. Exonerating the wrongly accused
  10. Identifying Victims in Mass Disasters
  11. Preventing wildlife crime
  12. Document verification and forgery detection
  13. Enviornment and ecological effects
  14. Arson and Fire Investigation
  15. Supporting child protection and Abuse cases.


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